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Metastatic Pattern of Spread of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine  adult

Introduction: islet cell tumor of the pancreas. Can be non-functioning or produce insulin (insulinoma), gastrin (gastrinoma), VIP (VIPoma), somatostatin (somatostatinoma). Insulinomas have the highest chance of being benign.

Prevalence: Very Rare Metastasis Frequency: Common

References:
Ihse, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the liver http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6993/

Br J Radiol. 2001 Nov;74(887):1065-70. PMID: 11709476

Primary Tumor:

 Characteristics Comments
Pancreas Hyperenhancing, Cystic, Solid can undergo cystic degeneration
radiology image: Hyperenhancing Pancreatic Mass

Known Metastatic Locations:

SiteFrequencyCharacteristics Comments
Liver CommonHyperenhancing, Arterially Enhancing overall, a very common site for metastasis (seen in about half of all pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors). However it is almost never seen from insulinomas and uncommon in VIPoma and gastrinoma.
radiology image: Centrally Necrotic Hyperenhancing Liver Lesion
Local Lymph Nodes Common
Bone UncommonMixed Lytic and Blastic, Blastic
radiology image: Sclerotic Vertebral Metastasis
Lung Parenchyma Very RareNodule
Mediastinum Very Rare
Peritoneum Very Rare
Brain Very Rare

 

This site was designed by Mark Hammer at Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. The information contained here is for guidance only - it is not designed to provide medical advice. All information should be verified in the literature cited or in reference books before being used for clinical purposes. This site is not liable for any harms that result from its use.